Umum
General
General
Kawasan Pelestarian alam (KPA) Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat (TNKS) merupakan satu dari kawasan Taman Nasional terluas di Asia Tenggara. Di dalam Taman Nasional ini terdapat tipe hutan hujan tropis dataran rendah sampai pegunungan dan kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, mempunyai fungsi yang sangat penting terutama di tinjau dari "fungsi hidrologis" bagi keseimbangan ekologis karena beberapa sungai penting di sumatera memiliki hulu atau daerah tangkapan airnya di dalam KPA TNKS ini. Seperti Sungai Batang Hari, Sungai Musi dll. Dengan luas 1.389.509.867 Hektar yang meliputi empat
wilayah Administrasi Provinsi yaitu : Jambi, Sumbar, Bengkulu dan Sumsel. Lihat
gambar berikut :
The Kerinci Seblat National Park Conservation Area is one of the largest National Park areas in Southeast Asia. In this National Park there are types of tropical rain forests of lowland to mountain range and rich in biodiversity, having a very important function especially in terms of "hydrological function" for ecological balance because some important rivers in Sumatra have upstream or catchment areas inside The Kerinci Seblat National Park Nature Conservation Area. Like Batang Hari River, Musi River etc. With an area of 1,389,509,867 hectares covering four Provincial Administrative regions, namely: Jambi, West Sumatra, Bengkulu and South Sumatra. See the following picture:
The Kerinci Seblat National Park Conservation Area is one of the largest National Park areas in Southeast Asia. In this National Park there are types of tropical rain forests of lowland to mountain range and rich in biodiversity, having a very important function especially in terms of "hydrological function" for ecological balance because some important rivers in Sumatra have upstream or catchment areas inside The Kerinci Seblat National Park Nature Conservation Area. Like Batang Hari River, Musi River etc. With an area of 1,389,509,867 hectares covering four Provincial Administrative regions, namely: Jambi, West Sumatra, Bengkulu and South Sumatra. See the following picture:
Gambar KPA TNKS
Telah ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah
Republik Indonesia sebagai kawasan strategis nasional. Kawasan strategis nasional adalah wilayah yang
penataan ruangnya diprioritaskan karena mempunyai pengaruh sangat penting
secara nasional terhadap kedaulatan negara, pertahanan dan keamanan negara,
ekonomi, sosial, budaya, dan/atau lingkungan, termasuk wilayah yang ditetapkan
sebagai warisan dunia. Dengan fungsi, kawasan lingkungan hidup
dan Kawasan Lindung Nasional, melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia
Nomor 26 Tahun 2008 Tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Nasional.[1] Sedangkan pada level Internasional atas usul
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat
ditetapkan sebagai ASEAN Haritage Park sejak 18 desember 2003 dan World
Haritage Site ( WHS ) UNESCO cluster Tropical Rain Forest ( TNGL, TNKS dan
TNBBS ) sejak 2004.[2]
Dalam kawasan pelestarian alam/
kawasan strategis nasional/ Kawasan Lindung Nasional Taman Nasional Kerinci
Seblat ini serta daerah yang ada di sekitarnya yang berada diluar kawasan
pelestarian alam / kawasan strategis nasional/ Kawasan Lindung Nasional Taman
nasional kerinci seblat ini, semua
Bentuk aktivitas/kegiatan kepencintaalaman/ alam terbuka bisa dilaksanakan dan
dilakukan mulai dari mendaki gunung ( Mountaineering
), menjelajah rimba/hutan, arung jeram (Rafting),
panjat tebing (Rock climbing), penelusuran Goa ( Caving
), paralayang (Paragliding ), Penelitian ilmiah
konservasi alam/lingkungan hidup dan Edukasi konservasi alam/lingkungan hidup,
Kegiatan adventurir alam terbuka lainnya (Sepeda gunung, touring motor trail, touring off road 4 x 4, dll ). dan
juga memiliki banyak objek daya tarik wisata alam dan potensi objek daya tarik
wisata alam seperti wisata alam ilmiah/edukasi, wisata alam terbatas ( seperti
lintas alam, hiking, camping, view lansekap alam/panorama alam, rekreasi
keluarga, wisata agri dll ).
Which has been determined by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia as a national strategic area. National strategic area is an area whose spatial planning is prioritized because it has a very important influence nationally on state sovereignty, national defense and security, economic, social, cultural, and / or environment, including areas designated as world heritage. With the function, the environmental area and the National Protected Area, through Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 26 of 2008 concerning National Spatial Planning. [1] Whereas at the international level, at the proposal of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia the Kerinci Seblat National Park has been designated as the ASEAN Haritage Park since 18 December 2003 and the UNESCO World Haritage Site (WHS) Tropical Rain Forest cluster (TNGL, TNKS and TNBBS) since 2004. [2]
Within the nature conservation area / national strategic area / Kerinci Seblat National Park Protected Area and the surrounding area which is outside the nature conservation area / national strategic area / Kerinci Seblat National Park National Protected Area, all forms of activities / activities of development / open nature can be implemented and carried out starting from mountain climbing (mountaineering), exploring the jungle / forest, rafting (Rafting), rock climbing (rock climbing), tracking Goa (Caving), paragliding (Paragliding), scientific research on nature / environmental conservation and Education on nature / environment conservation, other outdoor adventurism activities (mountain biking, trail bike touring, 4x4 off road touring, etc.). and also has many natural tourist attraction objects and potential natural tourist attraction objects such as scientific / educational nature tourism, limited natural tourism (such as cross-country, hiking, camping, natural landscape / natural view, family recreation, agri tourism etc.).
Within the nature conservation area / national strategic area / Kerinci Seblat National Park Protected Area and the surrounding area which is outside the nature conservation area / national strategic area / Kerinci Seblat National Park National Protected Area, all forms of activities / activities of development / open nature can be implemented and carried out starting from mountain climbing (mountaineering), exploring the jungle / forest, rafting (Rafting), rock climbing (rock climbing), tracking Goa (Caving), paragliding (Paragliding), scientific research on nature / environmental conservation and Education on nature / environment conservation, other outdoor adventurism activities (mountain biking, trail bike touring, 4x4 off road touring, etc.). and also has many natural tourist attraction objects and potential natural tourist attraction objects such as scientific / educational nature tourism, limited natural tourism (such as cross-country, hiking, camping, natural landscape / natural view, family recreation, agri tourism etc.).
Keadaan Fisik
Physical state
Physical state
Dalam
beberapa publikasinya Balai Besar Taman nasional kerinci seblat menjelaskan
keadaan fisik kawasan Taman nasional kerinci seblat ( TNKS ) sebagai berikut :
[3]Taman
Nasional Kerinci Seblat merupakan bagian dari rangkaian pegunungan bukit barisan
yang memanjang di sebelah barat pulau sumatera
mulai dari Provinsi DI Aceh sampai Provinsi Lampung yang
bergunung-gunung dan berbukit-bukit. Kondisi ini menyebabkan topografi kawasan
didominasi oleh lereng curam sampai sangat curam dengan sedikit dataran
berlereng landai sampai agak curam. Sebagian besar dataran berlereng landai
berada di luar kawasan dan telah dimanfaatkan oleh penduduk setempat sebagai
lahan pertanian/perkebunan baik lahan kering maupun persawahan.
Pada
daerah perbukitan di luar kawasan yang berlereng agak curam sampai curam
sebagaian besar juga telah dimanfaatkan untuk perkebunan kayu manis dan kopi.
Hal ini juga terjadi pada beberapa lokasi taman nasional yang merupakan daerah
perbatasan dengan lahan penduduk. Menurut ketinggian tempat, kawasan TNKS ini
berada pada 300-3805 m.dpl. sebagian besar kawasan merupakan rangkaian gunung
api, baik yang masih aktif maupun tidak dengan beberapa puncak diatas 2500
mdpl. Puncak tertinggi adalah Gunung
kerinci ( 3805 mdpl ) yang juga
merupakan titik/puncak tertinggi di pulau sumatera. lihat video di link berikut : https://youtu.be/NLaDCeZgA6g
Secara
fisik, bentuk kawasan TNKS cukup unik, yaitu terbagi oleh celah lebar yang
membentuk lembah kerinci ditengah kawasan, memanjang searah dengan rangkaian
pegunungan bukit barisan. Kearah perbatasan di barat laut-selatan dan timur
tenggara kawasan juga terbentuk dua lembah lainnya dengan arah sejajar.
Kearah
barat, gunung-gunung di bagian tengah ini melandai sejauh 5-40 km mencapai
daerah pantai bengkulu, sedangkan ketimur kecuramannya berangsur-angsur landai
sampai di dataran rendah daerah aliran sungai batang merangin dan batanghari
dengan ciri tegakan kapur yang terpisah-pisah. Lihat gambar berikut :
In some of its publications, the Kerinci Seblat National Park Center explains the physical condition of the Kerinci Seblat National Park as follows:
[3] Kerinci Seblat National Park is part of the Bukit Barisan mountain range that extends west of the island of Sumatra from the Aceh Province to the mountainous and hilly Lampung Province. This condition causes the topography of the area to be dominated by steep to very steep slopes with a slight slope to slightly steep terrain. Most of the sloping terrain is outside the area and has been used by local residents as agricultural / plantation land both dry land and rice fields.
In the hilly areas outside the sloped area rather steep to steep, most have also been used for cinnamon and coffee plantations. This also happened at several national park locations which are in the border area with resident land. According to the altitude, the Kerinci Seblat National Park area is at 300-3805 m.dpl. most of the area is a series of volcanoes, both still active and not with several peaks above 2500 masl. The highest peak is Mount Kerinci (3805 masl) which is also the highest point / place on the island of Sumatra. see the video at the following link: https://youtu.be/GvufFtBEvRs
Physically, the shape of the KSNP area is quite unique, which is divided by a wide gap that forms the Kerinci Valley in the middle of the area, extending in the direction of a series of Bukit Barisan mountains. Towards the border in the northwest-south and east-southeast region also formed two other valleys in a parallel direction.
Towards the west, the mountains in the middle of this sloping as far as 5-40 km reach the coastal area of Bengkulu, while the eastern steepness gradually sloping to the lowlands of the Merangin and Batanghari river basins with the characteristics of separate limestone stands. See the following picture:
TNKS termasuk ke dalam zona hutan hujan tropis di pengaruhi oleh angin musim
barat laut pada bulan desember sampai februari dan angin musim tenggara pada
bulan juni sampai september. curah hujan yang terjadi di kawasan ini sangat
bervariasi menurut posisi relatifnya terhadap barisan gunung utama.
Jumlah
curah hujan tahunan rata-rata berkisar mulai kurang dari 2000 mm di sungai
penuh yang merupakan lembah di bawah bayangan hujan bukit barisan sebelah barat
sampai lebih dari 5000 mm di lereng barat bukit barisan. Jumlah hari hujan
tahunan juga berkisar antara 120-180 hari hujan. Umumnya jumlah hari hujan yang
rendah terjadi di daerah dataran rendah namun dengan intensitas hujan yang
tinggi. Sebaliknya, didaerah pegunungan hari hujan lebih banyak dengan
intensitas yang rendah.
curah
hujan bulanan tertinggi terjadi dua kali dalam setahun, yaitu diantara bulan
oktober sampai desember dan maret sampai mei. Bulan juni sampai juli merupakan
bulan terkering namun tidak ada musim kemarau yang jelas pada umumnya curah
hujan bulanan jarang mencapai di bawah 100 mm.
Temperatur
udara rata-rata bulanan sangat bervariasi tergantung pada ketinggian tempat
dari permukaan laut. di sungai penuh, temperatur berkisar antara 24˚-28˚ c
dengan perubahan kurang dari 2˚c sepanjang tahun. Temperatur maksimum bulanan
sangat jarang mencapai 35˚c. Kelembaban udara relatif rata-rata, umumnya diatas
80 % dan jarang berada dibawah 70 %.
KSNP which is included in the tropical rain forest zone is affected by the northwest monsoon winds from December to February and the southeast monsoons from June to September. rainfall occurring in this region varies greatly according to its position relative to the main mountain range.
The average annual rainfall ranges from less than 2000 mm in the full river which is a valley in the rain shadow of the western barisan hill to more than 5000 mm on the western slope of the barisan hill. The number of annual rainy days also ranges from 120-180 rainy days. Generally the number of low rainy days occurs in low-lying areas but with high rainfall intensity. Conversely, in the mountainous regions more rainy days with low intensity.
The highest monthly rainfall occurs twice a year, namely between October to December and March to May. June to July is the driest month but there is no clear dry season in general monthly rainfall rarely reaches below 100 mm.
Monthly average air temperatures vary depending on the altitude of the surface of the sea. in full streams, temperatures range from 24˚-28˚c with changes of less than 2˚c throughout the year. The maximum monthly temperature is very rarely reaching 35 ° C. Relatively average air humidity, generally above 80% and rarely below 70%.
[1] Lihat
selengkapnya
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 26 Tahun 2008 Tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Nasional.
LN RI Nomor. 48,2008. TLN RI Nomor.4833. LAMPIRAN VIII KAWASAN LINDUNG
NASIONAL No. 203. Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat
(I/A/4) dan LAMPIRAN X PENETAPAN KAWASAN STRATEGIS NASIONAL No.13. Kawasan
Lingkungan Hidup Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat(I/B/1)
[3] Dedi.2006.
Informasi Wisata Alam di Taman Nasional
Kerinci Seblat. Balai Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat, hlm.6-7.
[4] Dedi.2006.
Informasi Wisata Alam di Taman Nasional
Kerinci Seblat. Balai Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat, hlm.8-9.